human red blood cells  (Innovative Research Inc)

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Identification of the cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist, ibipinabant, as a potent inhibitor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

doi: 10.1128/aac.01231-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro cytotoxicity of ibipinabant against: ( A ) Vero and ( B ) ME-180 cells. Results are shown as a percentage of cell viability relative to the negative control (DMSO). ( C ) Hemolytic activity of ibipinabant against human RBCs. The results are shown as a percentage of RBC hemolysis for each concentration of ibipinabant relative to 0.1% Triton X-100 (TX-100; positive control with complete hemolysis of RBCs). Error bars represent the standard error of the mean; ns, non-significant, **** P < 0.00001.

Article Snippet: Single-donor human RBCs (Innovative Research, MI, USA) were suspended in PBS at a concentration of 4% v/v.

Techniques: In Vitro, Negative Control, Activity Assay, Concentration Assay, Positive Control

Journal: ImmunoHorizons

Article Title: Altered natural killer cell function in children with severe malaria

doi: 10.1093/immhor/vlaf070

Figure Lengend Snippet: Children with severe malaria (SM) had increased proportion of NK cell inhibitory receptor LILRB1 than community children (CC), but no differences in absolute counts of NK cells. (A) Flow cytometry staining of NK cell subsets defined by Living (Live dead marker and Annexin V − ), CD64 − , CD3 − , CD7 + showing CD56 and CD16 expression post–ADCC assay. Three major NK cell populations were identified: CD56 bright , CD56 dim , and CD56 neg after stimulation of PBMCs with uRBCs incubated in anti-human RBC antibody. (B) Absolute counts of total NK cells. (C–E) Absolute counts of NK cell subsets: CD56 dim (C), CD56 neg (D), and CD56 bright (E) between SM and CC. (F–H) Analysis of the proportion of LILRB1 in NK subsets: CD56 dim (F), CD56 neg (G), and CD56 bright (H). Each data point represents one participant with the red line indicating the median. Statistical significance was determined using Mann–Whitney U -test analysis between groups: SM ( n = 21) vs. CC ( n = 18) (one CC was missing the complete blood count), denoted by * P < .05.

Article Snippet: The uRBC suspension was incubated with rabbit anti-human RBC antibodies (Rockland) for 20 minutes at RT.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Staining, Marker, Expressing, ADCC Assay, Incubation, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: ImmunoHorizons

Article Title: Altered natural killer cell function in children with severe malaria

doi: 10.1093/immhor/vlaf070

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased proportion of degranulating NKG2C + , CD57 + , LILRB1 + , and LAG3 + NK cells in severe malaria (SM) compared to community children (CC). Flow cytometric analysis to evaluate the functional subsets of NK cells after stimulation with uRBCs incubated with anti-human RBC antibody, categorized based on NKG2C and CD57 expression between SM and CC. (A) Proportion of CD107a + NK cells among NKG2C + and NKG2C − in the CD56 dim NK subset. (B) Proportion of CD107a + NK cells among NKG2C + and NKG2C − in the CD56 neg NK subset. (C) Proportion of IFN-γ–producing NK cells among NKG2C + and NKG2C − in the CD56 dim NK subset. (D) Proportion of IFN-γ–producing NK cells among NKG2C + and NKG2C − in the CD56 neg NK subset. (E) Proportion of CD107a + NK cells based on NKG2C and CD57 markers in CD56 dim NK cells between SM and CC. (F) Proportion of CD107a + NK cells based on NKG2C and CD57 markers in CD56 neg NK cells between SM and CC. (G) Proportion of CD107a + NK cells in LILRB1 + and LILRB1 − populations in CD56 dim NK cells. (H) Proportion of CD107a + NK cells in LAG3 + and LAG3 − populations in CD56 dim NK cells. Each data point represents one participant with the red line indicating the median. Statistical significance between SM and CC was determined using Mann–Whitney U -test analysis between the SM ( n = 21) and CC ( n = 19) groups, denoted by * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001.

Article Snippet: The uRBC suspension was incubated with rabbit anti-human RBC antibodies (Rockland) for 20 minutes at RT.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Incubation, Expressing, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: ImmunoHorizons

Article Title: Altered natural killer cell function in children with severe malaria

doi: 10.1093/immhor/vlaf070

Figure Lengend Snippet: NK cell function in children with severe malaria (SM) differs in areas of low vs. moderate malaria transmission. (A–E) Analysis of NK cell populations for SM and CC in low and moderate malaria transmission sites, when PBMCs were stimulated with uRBCs incubated with anti-RBC antibody. (A–C) Percentage of total NK cells (A), CD107a + CD56 dim NK cells (B), and CD107a + CD56 neg NK cells (C) were measured in the low and moderate malaria transmission sites. (D, E) Functional analysis of NK cell subsets, focusing on IFN-γ production. The percentage of IFN-γ + CD56 dim NK cells (D) and IFN-γ + CD56 neg NK cells (E) was evaluated under low and moderate malaria transmission sites. (F, G) Analysis of percentage of CD107a in NK cell phenotypic markers for SM (CD16, CD57, NKG2C, LAG3, LILRB1, SIGLEC7, and FcRγ) in CD56 dim (F) and CD56 neg (G) between low and moderate malaria transmission sites. (H, I) Analysis of percentage of IFN-γ in NK cell phenotypic markers for SM (CD16, CD57, NKG2C, LAG3, LILRB1, SIGLEC7, and FcRγ) in CD56 dim (H) and CD56 neg (I) between low and moderate malaria transmission sites. Each data point represents one participant with the red line indicating the median. Statistical significance between SM and CC in both low and moderate transmission sites (A–E) was determined using pairwise Dunn tests following Kruskal–Wallis tests. Statistical significance within SM between low and moderate transmission sites (F–I) was determined using Mann–Whitney U -test analysis. Significance denoted by * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001.

Article Snippet: The uRBC suspension was incubated with rabbit anti-human RBC antibodies (Rockland) for 20 minutes at RT.

Techniques: Cell Function Assay, Transmission Assay, Incubation, Functional Assay, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: ImmunoHorizons

Article Title: Altered natural killer cell function in children with severe malaria

doi: 10.1093/immhor/vlaf070

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased NK cell degranulation in children with severe malaria (SM) compared to community children (CC) is present in low but not moderate malaria transmission areas. In the same generic ADCC assay against RBCs, we separated the individuals by malaria transmission level being low (left) and moderate (right). (A) CD56 dim and (B) CD56 neg NK cells for the dual marker Boolean gating of NKG2C and CD57 assessing degranulation (CD107a) after an RBC ADCC assay with an anti-RBC antibody. Each data point represents one participant with the red line indicating the median. Statistical significance between SM and CC was determined using Mann–Whitney U -test analysis between the SM and CC groups, denoted by * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001.

Article Snippet: The uRBC suspension was incubated with rabbit anti-human RBC antibodies (Rockland) for 20 minutes at RT.

Techniques: Transmission Assay, ADCC Assay, Marker, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: ImmunoHorizons

Article Title: Altered natural killer cell function in children with severe malaria

doi: 10.1093/immhor/vlaf070

Figure Lengend Snippet: The proportion of CD107a + IFN-γ − NK cell subsets is increased in children with severe malaria (SM) compared to community children (CC) only in an area of low malaria transmission, whereas the proportion of CD107a − IFN-γ + NK cell subsets is decreased in children with SM compared to CC in low and moderate transmission areas. Data assessing CD107a (degranulation) and IFN-γ (cytokine production) when PBMCs were stimulated with uRBCs incubated with anti-RBC antibody. CD56 dim NK cells were categorized into 3 populations: CD107a + IFN-γ − , CD107a + IFN-γ + , and CD107a − IFN-γ + . (A–H) For low (left) and moderate (right) malaria transmission, percentage of CD107a + IFN-γ − , CD107a + IFN-γ + , and CD107a − IFN-γ + cells in NK cell markers: (A) NKG2C, (B) CD57, (C) LILRB1, (D) FcRγ, (E) LAG3, and (F) SIGLEC7 negative within the CD56 dim NK cell between SM and CC. Each data point represents one participant with the red line indicating the median. Statistical significance between SM and CC was determined using Mann–Whitney U -test analysis between the SM ( n = 21) and CC ( n = 19) groups, denoted by * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001.

Article Snippet: The uRBC suspension was incubated with rabbit anti-human RBC antibodies (Rockland) for 20 minutes at RT.

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Incubation, MANN-WHITNEY